The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Tennant, drug advisor to the NFL, observed that dilated pupils may indicate cocaine or amphetamine use constricted pupils may indicate heroin or opiate. The findings suggest the potential of pupil reactivity to serve as a biomarker of brain aging and warrant further longitudinal study to assess if changes in the PLR can predict cognitive decline over time.īrain aging Cognition Middle-aged and elderly Pupil constriction Pupil light reflex (PLR). In this study, we provided moderate evidence suggesting the association between PLR and neuropsychological cognitive measures. Pupil constriction amplitude in millimeters and the duration from stimulus onset to maximal constriction velocity were significantly associated with cognition after adjusting for (1) age and sex and (2) age, sex, and multiple covariates (p < 0.05). It is also involved in the acute stress response, where it works with the endocrine system to prepare the body to fight-or-flight. The PCA scores decreased by 0.039 per year increase in age and were lower in males than females by 0.76 (p < 0.001). Reviewed by Saul Mcleod, PhD The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is part of the peripheral nervous system and controls vital functions such as heartbeat, breathing, and digestion. Linear regression was used to assess the association between pupil parameters and PCA scores, adjusting for age, sex, education, medications, health-related quality of life questionnaire, and systemic and ocular comorbidities.Pupils respond to three distinct kinds of stimuli: they constrict in response to brightness (the pupil light response), constrict in response to near fixation (the pupil near response), and dilate in response to increases in arousal and mental effort, either triggered by an external stimulus or spontaneously. A principal component analysis (PCA) score was used to calculate an overall performance over four cognitive testings. Ten pupil parameters were calculated to describe pupil constriction to light stimuli. Iris transillumination defects are a constant feature. If Eyes Are a Window to the Soul, Our Pupils May Reveal PTSD. The APS journal Psychological Science is the highest ranked empirical journal in psychology. Inherited congenital microcoria, also referred to as congenital miosis, is characterized by bilateral small pupils (diameter less than 2 mm) that result from an underdevelopment of the dilator pupillae muscle of the iris (Holth and Berner, 1923 Simpson and Parsons, 1989). Pupil reactivity was recorded in a subgroup of 403 participants (mean age 60.7 years, 57.3% females) in an epidemiologic study of aging. Constricted pupils, on the other hand, tend to be perceived as a sign of threat. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the association between the PLR and cognition in community-dwelling middle-aged and older individuals. The evidence relating the pupil light reflex (PLR) and cognition have been inconsistent.
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